Spider phylosymbiosis: divergence of widow spider species and their tissues' microbiomes, BMC Ecology and Evolution
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Last updated 06 julho 2024
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Background Microbiomes can have profound impacts on host biology and evolution, but to date, remain vastly understudied in spiders despite their unique and diverse predatory adaptations. This study evaluates closely related species of spiders and their host-microbe relationships in the context of phylosymbiosis, an eco-evolutionary pattern where the microbial community profile parallels the phylogeny of closely related host species. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we characterized the microbiomes of five species with known phylogenetic relationships from the family Theridiidae, including multiple closely related widow spiders (L. hesperus, L. mactans, L. geometricus, S. grossa, and P. tepidariorum). Results We compared whole animal and tissue-specific microbiomes (cephalothorax, fat bodies, venom glands, silk glands, and ovary) in the five species to better understand the relationship between spiders and their microbial symbionts. This showed a strong congruence of the microbiome beta-diversity of the whole spiders, cephalothorax, venom glands, and silk glands when compared to their host phylogeny. Our results support phylosymbiosis in these species and across their specialized tissues. The ovary tissue microbial dendrograms also parallel the widow phylogeny, suggesting vertical transfer of species-specific bacterial symbionts. By cross-validating with RNA sequencing data obtained from the venom glands, silk glands and ovaries of L. hesperus, L. geometricus, S. grossa, and P. tepidariorum we confirmed that several microbial symbionts of interest are viably active in the host. Conclusion Together these results provide evidence that supports the importance of host-microbe interactions and the significant role microbial communities may play in the evolution and adaptation of their hosts.
![Spider phylosymbiosis: divergence of widow spider species and their tissues' microbiomes, BMC Ecology and Evolution](https://media.springernature.com/m685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs12862-020-01664-x/MediaObjects/12862_2020_1664_Fig1_HTML.png)
Spider phylosymbiosis: divergence of widow spider species and their tissues' microbiomes, BMC Ecology and Evolution
![Spider phylosymbiosis: divergence of widow spider species and their tissues' microbiomes, BMC Ecology and Evolution](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2021/02/14/2021.02.13.431100/F2.large.jpg)
Genomes of gut bacteria from Nasonia wasps shed light on phylosymbiosis and microbe-assisted hybrid breakdown
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Evolutionary shifts in gene expression decoupled from gene duplication across functionally distinct spider silk glands
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Tissue- and Population-Level Microbiome Analysis of the Wasp Spider Argiope bruennichi Identified a Novel Dominant Bacterial Symbiont. - Abstract - Europe PMC
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![Spider phylosymbiosis: divergence of widow spider species and their tissues' microbiomes, BMC Ecology and Evolution](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272748960/figure/fig2/AS:339997287829504@1458073078073/DGGE-profiles-for-the-16S-rRNA-amplicons-of-females-originating-from-the-Wol-and-Wol.png)
DGGE profiles for the 16S rRNA amplicons of females originating from
![Spider phylosymbiosis: divergence of widow spider species and their tissues' microbiomes, BMC Ecology and Evolution](https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC9218092/bin/41467_2022_30971_Fig2_HTML.jpg)
Host control and the evolution of cooperation in host microbiomes. - Abstract - Europe PMC
![Spider phylosymbiosis: divergence of widow spider species and their tissues' microbiomes, BMC Ecology and Evolution](https://journals.asm.org/cms/10.1128/msystems.01342-20/asset/99d09368-0a9b-4a8c-be86-adba08a3212a/assets/images/medium/msystems.01342-20_f002.gif)
Genomes of Gut Bacteria from Nasonia Wasps Shed Light on Phylosymbiosis and Microbe-Assisted Hybrid Breakdown
![Spider phylosymbiosis: divergence of widow spider species and their tissues' microbiomes, BMC Ecology and Evolution](https://www.mdpi.com/microorganisms/microorganisms-09-02358/article_deploy/html/images/microorganisms-09-02358-g002.png)
Microorganisms, Free Full-Text
![Spider phylosymbiosis: divergence of widow spider species and their tissues' microbiomes, BMC Ecology and Evolution](https://journals.asm.org/cms/10.1128/msystems.01342-20/asset/2e0317d7-157d-4006-92ec-698e4538d1c6/assets/images/medium/msystems.01342-20_f003.gif)
Genomes of Gut Bacteria from Nasonia Wasps Shed Light on Phylosymbiosis and Microbe-Assisted Hybrid Breakdown
![Spider phylosymbiosis: divergence of widow spider species and their tissues' microbiomes, BMC Ecology and Evolution](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353474345/figure/fig1/AS:1049995448967168@1627349831078/figure-fig1_Q320.jpg)
PDF) Differing Dietary Nutrients and Diet-associated Bacteria has Limited Impact on Spider Gut Microbiota Composition
![Spider phylosymbiosis: divergence of widow spider species and their tissues' microbiomes, BMC Ecology and Evolution](https://d3i71xaburhd42.cloudfront.net/a42476aac3e47609e4783dac2c5f9ea020d213c8/8-Figure4-1.png)
Species-specific but not phylosymbiotic gut microbiomes of New Guinean passerine birds are shaped by diet and flight-associated gut modifications
![Spider phylosymbiosis: divergence of widow spider species and their tissues' microbiomes, BMC Ecology and Evolution](https://d3i71xaburhd42.cloudfront.net/a42476aac3e47609e4783dac2c5f9ea020d213c8/6-Figure2-1.png)
Species-specific but not phylosymbiotic gut microbiomes of New Guinean passerine birds are shaped by diet and flight-associated gut modifications
![Spider phylosymbiosis: divergence of widow spider species and their tissues' microbiomes, BMC Ecology and Evolution](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356237441/figure/fig3/AS:1092574265786374@1637501412518/Principal-coordinate-analysis-PCoA-plots-of-the-bacterial-community-for-ants-a-and_Q320.jpg)
PDF) Differing Dietary Nutrients and Diet-Associated Bacteria Has Limited Impact on Spider Gut Microbiota Composition
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